溧阳市传统工坊建筑景观规划设计
摘要：传统手工业作为过去中国乡村的重要经济来源，其中蕴含的传统农业文化是乡土社会生产中积淀的深厚精神财富。传统工坊作为乡村传统手工业的活动场所，记录了千百年来各地真实淳朴的乡村生活，在建造与使用过程中受到当地社会风俗风貌的影响，具有浓厚的地域特征与乡土性，是当代乡村走向多元化发展必不可少的特色因子。[1]然而伴随着城镇化建设的加快以及新农村建设的全面展开，这些承载着手工业文化的载体因为社会需求的减少和价值认知的不足等正在逐渐消亡。[2]
近年来，在乡村振兴战略的引领下，出现了不少以乡村传统工坊作为改造目标的实验项目，但大多停留在实验性质并且缺少梳理归纳。[3]因此，笔者以溧阳南渡旧县的一处传统工坊建筑景观规划为例，通过实际的调查分析与改造设计，试探究乡村传统工坊如何适应社会需求以及当地特色农业文化如何与乡村振兴结合的问题，寻找乡村传统工坊的续存方式。
关键词：传统工坊、社会需求、续存方式
【Abstract】 As an important economic source of China#39;s rural areas in the past, the traditional agricultural culture contained in the traditional handicraft industry is the profound spiritual wealth accumulated in the production of rural society. As the activity place of traditional handicraft industry in the countryside, traditional workshop records the real and honest rural life all over the country for thousands of years. Influenced by local social customs and styles in the process of construction and use, it has strong regional characteristics and rural features, and is an indispensable characteristic factor for the diversified development of the contemporary countryside. [1] however, with the acceleration of urbanization and the comprehensive development of new rural construction, these carriers of industrial culture are gradually disappearing due to the reduction of social demand and the lack of value cognition. [2]
In recent years, under the guidance of the strategy of rural revitalization, a lot of experimental projects with traditional village workshops as transformation targets have appeared, but most of them remain in the experimental nature and lack of carding and induction. [3]Therefore, the author takes the architectural landscape planning of a traditional workshop in old county of NanDu in LiYang as an example, and through actual investigation and analysis and transformation design, tries to explore how the traditional workshop in rural areas can adapt to social needs and how the local characteristic agricultural culture can be combined with the revitalization of rural areas, so as to find the continuation of the traditional workshop in rural areas.
【Keywords】 Traditional workshop, social demand, renewal way
- 乡村传统工坊的含义
“工坊”一词最初来源于“作坊”，指使用较为简陋的工具从事手工制造加工的场所。也称“作场”、“坊”、“房”、“作”等。封建社会时期有官府作坊与民间作坊之分，官府作坊一般由封建主或官府开办，进行明确分工的协作，这类作坊规模较大，随时间变化逐渐发展为城市中的手工工场。[4]民间作坊主要指城市或乡村中的个体手工业作坊以及家庭手工作坊，个体手工作坊多由作坊主带领学徒或帮工在生产中实行简单的协作生产，其中个体手工作坊已基本脱离家庭农业，以市场需求进行作坊生产。[5]文章使用的“工坊”含义较广，包括了个体作坊、家庭作坊以及手工工场。
- 研究的意义
论文旨在从具有大量传统农业文化的溧阳作为实地调研和方法总结的切入点，特别是基于全国新农村建设的时代背景和江苏省美丽乡村的地区发展背景下对传统工坊建筑规划的更新方法进行总结分析，[6]论文的研究在当下有一定的个人、当地自然生态以及社会都具有实际意义：
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