玄参真菌病害及其病原菌鉴定技术研究进展
摘 要
植物病害中约有70-80%是由真菌引起的，是威胁我国农林业发展的重要因素之一，严重影响重要经济作物的产量、品质及安全性，大量杀菌剂的使用不可避免的带来环境污染及农药残留问题。随着农林业的发展，病原菌寄主范围逐渐扩大，某些次要病害上升为主要病害，新真菌病害问题日益凸显，植物病害鉴定工作已经成为植物产业发展的研究重点。玄参作为我国传统中草药材，由于其显著的功效被广泛种植于我国长江流域。伴随着种植面积的日益增加，玄参叶枯病、叶斑病、轮纹病等病害频发，严重制约玄参产业的发展。对病原菌的成功鉴定是采取有效防治措施的前提和理论基础。目前，病原菌鉴定常采用传统分类学鉴定与分子生物学鉴定相结合的方法，在观察病原菌形态及生理生化特征的同时，也从遗传学角度精准鉴定未知病原菌。本文从我国植物真菌病害研究情况、玄参常见病害以及病原真菌鉴定方法等方面的研究进展做相关阐述。
关键词：真菌病害；玄参；传统分类学鉴定；分子生物学鉴定
ABSTRACT
Plant fungal diseases are one of the important factors threatening the development of agriculture and forestry in China. The yield, quality and safety of important economic plants are seriously affected. The use of a large number of fungicides inevitably led to environmental pollution and pesticide residues. The above problems have brought great losses to the national economy. With the development of agriculture and forestry, the host range of pathogens is gradually expanding, and some secondary diseases are becoming the main diseases. The problem of new fungal diseases is increasingly prominent. The identification of plant diseases has become a research hotspot in the development of plant industry. As a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, Scrophularia ningpoensis is widely cultivated in the Yangtze river because of its remarkable effect. With the increasing of planting area, the diseases, such as leaf blight, leaf spot and ring rot, are frequent, which have affected the development of the industry. The establishment of effective control measures is based on the successful identification of pathogens. At present, the traditional taxonomic identification combined with molecular biological identification are often used in the identification of pathogens. While observing the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics, the unknown pathogens were also identified from the perspective of genetics. In this paper, the research progress of plant fungal diseases, common diseases on Scrophularia ningpoensis and identification methods of pathogenic fungi were reviewed.
Key words: Fungal diseases; Scrophularia ningpoensis; Traditional taxonomic identification; Molecular biological identification
目 录
1 国内植物真菌病害 1
