Sphaerulina musiva菌RNA沉默抑制子的筛选
摘要：Sphaerulina musiva是引起杨树叶斑和茎部溃疡病的真菌病原，近年来Sphaerulina musiva和杨树全基因组序列均已被揭示，Sphaerulina musiva-杨树相互作用具有成为森林病理模式研究对象的潜力，研究真菌效应因子的功能及具体作用机制，进而说明抑制RNA沉默是自然界病原物普遍采用的反防御策略。本文通过对Sphaerulina musiva菌的生活史、病害分布与发展，以及RNA沉默抑制子的发现和功能等方面进行综述，以更好地理解Sphaerulina musiva菌在植物致病性和宿主互作中的作用机制。
关键词：基因沉默；RNA沉默抑制子；效应因子；Sphaerulina musiva；S. musiva
Screening of RNA silencing inhibitors from Sphaerulina musiva
Abstract: Sphaerulina musiva is a fungal agent that causes poplar leaf spot and stem canker disease. In recent years, Sphaerulina musiva and the entire genome sequence of poplar have been revealed. Sphaerulina musiva-poplar interaction has the potential to be studied as a model of forest pathology. The functions and specific mechanisms of fungal effectors were studied to demonstrate that inhibition of RNA silencing is a common anti-defense strategy for natural pathogens. n this paper, the life cycle disease distribution and development of Sphaerulina musiva, as well as the discovery and function of RNA silencing inhibitors were reviewed to better understand the mechanism of action of Sphaerulina musiva in plant pathogenicity and host interaction.
Key words: Gene silencing ; VSRs; Effector; Sphaerulina musiva;S. musiva
RNA 沉默是一种广泛存在于生物体内的保守机制，是植物免疫系统的重要机制，同时也是病原微生物效应因子作用的关键靶标。具有基因调控、防御外源核苷酸入侵、保持基因组完整性的功能。目前已证明了病毒、细菌和卵菌普遍通过效应因子（Effector）作为RNA沉默抑制子，操纵寄主RNA沉默实现定殖。有些病毒沉默抑制子已被开发应用于植物生物反应器、抗病毒植物等领域。
一、RNA沉默抑制子
1）RNA沉默的发现
