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污水外加碳源反硝化脱氮工艺综述摘要：污水生物脱氮工艺技术在我国污水处理方面起到了至关重要的作用。
随着更加严格的氨氮污水排放标准的实施，中国大多数城镇污水处理厂出水氨氮难以达标的问题日益突出，其中碳源不足成为反硝化脱氮的主要制约因素，城镇污水厂二级出水多为低C/N污水，限制了反硝化效率，其深度脱氮工艺需外加碳源。
碳源是传统生物脱氮过程中的一个重要因素，当水体中碳氮质量比过低时，往往需要投加外加碳源作为电子供体，以保证反硝化反应的顺利进行。
通过生物脱氮技术可以有效消除污水中富营氧化的问题，还可以降低污水处理成本，提高污水处理的质量与水平，增强城市污水处理效果，促进城市生态环境可持续发展。
传统的有机碳源，如乙醇、葡萄糖、甲醇等液体碳源往往出现投加过量或不足等问题，导致废水中DOC的增加或亚硝酸盐的积累。
为了避免这些风险，固体有机碳源被认为是反硝化的更好替代选择。
关键词：污水处理；反硝化脱氮；外加碳源；低碳氮比（C/N）污水A review of denitrification process with carbon source added to sewageABSTRACT：Sewage biological denitrification technology has played a vital role in my country's sewage treatment. With the implementation of stricter ammonia-nitrogen wastewater discharge standards， the problem of difficult to meet ammonia-nitrogen standards in most urban sewage treatment plants in China has become increasingly prominent. Insufficient carbon sources have become the main limiting factor for denitrification and denitrification. Most of the secondary effluents of urban sewage plants are Low C/N sewage limits the efficiency of denitrification， and its deep denitrification process requires an external carbon source. The carbon source is an important factor in the traditional biological denitrification process. When the mass ratio of carbon to nitrogen in the water body is too low，it is often necessary to add an external carbon source as an electron donor to ensure the smooth progress of the denitrification reaction. Through biological denitrification technology， the problem of rich oxidation in sewage can be effectively eliminated， and the cost of sewage treatment can be reduced， the quality and level of sewage treatment can be improved， the effect of urban sewage treatment can be enhanced， and the sustainable development of urban ecological environment can be promoted. Traditional organic carbon sources， such as ethanol， glucose， methanol and other liquid carbon sources， often have problems such as excessive or insufficient dosing， which leads to the increase of DOC or the accumulation of nitrite in wastewater. In order to avoid these risks， solid organic carbon sources are considered to be a better alternative to denitrification.KEYWORDS：Sewage treatment；denitrification and denitrification；additional carbon source；low carbon to nitrogen ratio sewage一、反硝化脱氮 反硝化，也称脱氮作用，是指细菌将硝酸盐（NO3）中的氮（N）通过一系列中间产物（NO2、NO、N2O）还原为氮气（N2）的生物化学过程。
参与这一过程的细菌统称为反硝化菌。
总的反硝化过程可以用以下方程式表示：2NO3- 10e- 12H＋→N2＋＋6H2O，ΔG=333kJ/mol其中包括以下四个还原反应：（1）硝酸盐（NO3）还原为亚硝酸盐（NO2-）：2NO3 4H 4e-→2NO2- 2H2O（2）亚硝酸盐（NO2-）还原为一氧化氮（NO）：2NO2- 4H 2e-→2NO 2H2O（3）一氧化氮（NO）还原为一氧化二氮（N2O）：2NO 2H 2e-→N2O H2O（4）一氧化二氮（N2O）还原为氮气（N2）：N2O 2H 2e-→N2 H2O以上四个反应均为放热反应，所以在无氧或缺氧条件下，细菌可以将硝酸盐（NO3）作为电子传递链（ETC）的最终电子受体（TEA，terminal electron acceptor），来完成物质能量交换。
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