植物蛋白胶黏剂研究进展
摘 要
近年来,随着我国木材行业的快速进步和发展,对于胶粘剂的要求量愈加巨大。但由于'含醛'类胶黏剂(包括脲醛树脂、酚醛胶树脂,三聚氰胺甲醛树脂等)存在过度地依赖于石油化学资源,且释放甲醛等问题,对我国乃至全世界人类健康及其环境产生影响。所以,降低或者是消除人造板释放的甲醛成为当前我国木材加工领域研究重点,摆脱石油资源的严重依赖已经成为当前科技领域的方向。而生物基胶黏剂的原料资源丰富,且其无毒、安全无害,被广泛纳入研究范围,，并进行研究，但同时，植物蛋白基胶黏剂也存在诸多问题，例如：耐水性差、易发霉、部分制造成本较高、当前应用范围小等问题（主要用于木材工业，包装类标签胶应用较少）。所以针对植物蛋白胶黏剂的生物改性应用研究在目前我国工业发展中已经变得越来越多的受到国家重视。本文主要目的是详细介绍近年来对大豆蛋白胶黏剂改性的相关研究进展,以及对芝麻饼粕蛋白胶黏剂和油菜籽蛋白胶黏剂等其他类型植物蛋白基胶黏剂的研究进展，并介绍了有关植物蛋白基胶黏剂改性的方法,找出其当前存在的问题,以及对未来的展望。
关键词：大豆蛋白，芝麻饼粕蛋白，油菜籽蛋白，改性，胶黏剂
Research progress of plant protein adhesive
Abstract
In recent years, with the rapid progress and development of Chinas wood industry, the demand for adhesives is more and more huge. However, 'aldehyde-containing' adhesives (including urea-formaldehyde resin, phenolic resin, melamine formaldehyde resin, etc.) are excessively dependent on petroleum chemical resources and release formaldehyde, which have an impact on human health and the environment in China and even the world. Therefore, reducing or eliminating the formaldehyde released by wood-based panels has become the focus of research in the field of wood processing in China, and getting rid of the heavy dependence on petroleum resources has become the direction of the current scientific and technological field. And the biological matrix adhesives rich raw material resources, and its non-toxic, harmless, widely into the research scope, and to study, but at the same time, also has many problems plant protein-based adhesives, such as: poor water resistance, easy to mould, and small part of the manufacturing cost is higher, the current application scope problem (mainly for the wood industry, packaging less class label adhesive application). Therefore, the research on the application of biological modification of plant protein adhesives has become more and more important in the industrial development of our country. Main purpose of this paper is a detailed introduction of modified soy protein adhesives in recent years, the research advances of sesame cake and rapeseed meal protein adhesives fibrin glue adhesion agent, and other types of vegetable protein based adhesives research progress, and introduces the modification methods of vegetable protein base adhesives, find out the problems existing in the current, and the vision of the future.
Keywords: soybean protein, sesame cake protein, rapeseed protein, modified, adhesive
一 前 言
将同种或者两种以上相同物质或者不相同物质的材料连接在一起，并且在固化后具有足够粘结强度的合成或者天然物质称为胶黏剂，广泛用于木材加工、飞机、船舶、医疗卫生等领域，在这其中，木材加工业的用胶量最为巨大。随着近年来木材工业的发展，胶黏剂的使用也在逐渐增加，但是，目前采用的胶黏剂主要是含醛类胶黏剂，在使用中会释放甲醛等有毒物质，已经造成了相当大的人类健康和环境问题，并且制造成本高，原料不可再生，不符合我国当今对木材产业发展的绿色要求。而市面上的绿色胶黏剂主要是放弃了醛类胶黏剂的优异粘接强度和耐水性，所以并不能够大规模的使用。但是近年来有关植物蛋白基胶黏剂的研究，使得天然绿色无污染的胶黏剂大规模使用成为可能。
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