纳米填料改性脲醛树脂胶黏剂的研究和进展
摘 要
脲醛树脂胶黏剂在人造板工业中占有重要地位，具有成本低廉、固化迅速、生产工艺简单、原料易得等优点，但缺点是固化胶层脆性大、耐水性和抗老化性能差、游离甲醛含量较高。随着人们对“健康无醛”的需求，国家对环保问题的重视的提高，开发低毒或无毒化高性能脲醛树脂胶黏剂尤为迫切。随着纳米在胶黏剂中加入添加剂，是一种简便有效改性手段，可增加树脂初黏性、提高板材预压性、防止透胶、减少树脂收缩、降低游离甲醛含量等。纳米级填料分子量小，来源丰富、价格低廉、具有吸附性等优点，作为木材胶黏剂添加剂具有广阔前景。随着纳米工业生产技术逐渐成熟，使用纳米填料改性脲醛树脂成为了热点。
笔者根据改性剂组成及形态，将脲醛树脂用添加剂分为功能性分子、无机添加剂和生物质基填料，综述了脲醛树脂用纳米填料改性的研究与应用进展，并对其发展趋势进行了展望。
关键词：脲醛树脂；人造板；纳米填料；木材胶黏剂
Research and development of nano filler modified urea formaldehyde resin adhesive
Abstract
Urea formaldehyde resin adhesive plays an important role in the wood-based panel industry. It has the advantages of low cost, fast curing, simple production process and easy access to raw materials, but the disadvantage is that the curing layer is brittle, water resistant and aging resistant, and free formaldehyde content is high. With the demand of people for 'healthy aldehyde free', the national attention to environmental protection is increasing, so it is urgent to develop low toxicity or non-toxic high performance urea formaldehyde resin adhesive. With the addition of additives in the adhesive, nano is a simple and effective modification method, which can increase the initial adhesion of resin, improve the pre pressing property of the board, prevent the penetration of adhesive, reduce resin shrinkage and reduce the content of free formaldehyde. The nano filler has many advantages, such as small molecular weight, abundant source, low price and adsorption, and has a broad prospect as a wood adhesive additive. With the development of nano industry technology, the use of nano filler to modify urea formaldehyde resin has become a hot spot.
According to the composition and morphology of the modifier, the additives for urea formaldehyde resin are divided into functional molecules, inorganic additives and biomass based fillers. The research and application progress of the modification of urea formaldehyde resin with nano fillers are reviewed, and the development trend is prospected.
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