人造板生产作业环境空气粉尘浓度水平与分布
摘要:近年来，人造板制造业快速壮大，但生产技术、设备、管理没有跟上脚步，工作时产生的木粉尘容易引起工人的职业病，且在一定粉尘浓度下容易引起粉尘爆炸。大部分工厂工作人员职业病防护意识薄弱，且没有建立相应的管理制度，不同规模、不同生产工艺、不同设备的企业众多，职业病防治意识不到位，粉尘防爆技术不健全。为保证职业人群健康，我国颁布了《工业企业卫生标准》及《工业场所有害物质职业接触限值》等国家标准，限制工业场所粉尘浓度，预防职业病危害。本课题于人造板生产车间实地测量，利用便携式大气采样器测量呼吸带高度的空气粉尘浓度，比较单机及车间整体环境的粉尘浓度变化与联系，探讨粉尘分布规律，探寻降低粉尘的方式，对同类型工厂的职业病防治及粉尘防爆有参考意义。
关键词：木粉尘；人造板生产；职业病
Dust concentration level and distribution in wood-based panel production environment
Abstract: In recent years, the wood-based panel manufacturing industry has been expanding rapidly, but the production technology, equipment and management have not kept up with the pace. Wood dust produced during work is easy to cause occupational diseases of workers, and dust explosion is easy to be caused at a certain concentration of dust.Most of the factory staff have weak awareness of occupational disease prevention, and no corresponding management system has been established. There are many enterprises with different scales, different production processes and different equipment, so the awareness of occupational disease prevention is not in place, and the dust explosion-proof technology is not sound.In order to ensure the health of the occupational population, China has promulgated the Industrial Enterprise Hygiene Standard and the Occupational Exposure Limits of Hazardous Substances in Industrial Places and other national standards to limit the dust concentration in industrial places and prevent occupational diseases.This topic in the field measurement of man-made board production workshop, the portable air sampler measurement for with the height of the air dust concentration, single and whole workshop environment dust concentration changes with contact, dust distribution is discussed, and explore the way to reduce dust, for occupational disease prevention and control of the same kind of plant has reference significance and dust explosion.
Key words: Wood dust.. Wood-based panel production; Occupational disease
一、 研究背景
1、行业背景
随着人们对人造板家具需求量的快速增加，人造板制造业群体日趋庞大。在人造板制造业中，通常制造自动化程度较低，企业卫生管理水平落后，工作人员职业病防护意识薄弱，是职业病危害情况比较严重的行业。在人造板制造过程中会产生大量的粉尘和噪声，且在拼板、砂磨等工序会散发大量生产性毒物。当木粉尘达到一定浓度时，容易引起车间内粉尘爆炸，导致尘肺等职业病；当VOC达到一定浓度时，会伤害肝脏、肾脏等，引起职业中毒事件，引发职业病。
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