木材早晚材、心边材热解特性的研究
摘要：随着石油资源的逐渐短缺和不可降解材料造成的污染日益严重，人们开始关注各种各样的环保材料，新型材料的研发和应用逐渐被人们所重视，淀粉基复合材料就是其中之一。淀粉基复合材料的主要原料是淀粉，来源广泛，价格较低，制备出的复合材料可生物降解，再生能力强，对环境友好，是作为替代传统的石化合成的不可降解材料的一个很好的选择。在过去的研究中，淀粉基复合材料已经在食品包装、农业、医疗行业、轻工业中有不少的应用，发展前景较好。但是由于淀粉本身的特点，热解性能和机械性能都有一定的不足，因此要对其进行改性来提高理化性能，让淀粉基复合材料更好的应用。本文总结了淀粉基复合材料发展的历史和研究现状，并作出对比，分析淀粉基复合材料当前发展中已经遇到和会面临的一些问题和挑战，并对其未来的发展作出展望。
关键词：淀粉基复合材料；淀粉；生物可降解；研究现状
ABSTRACT：With the gradual shortage of petroleum resources and the increasingly serious pollution caused by non degradable materials, people begin to pay attention to a variety of environmental protection materials, and the research and application of new materials are gradually valued by people, starch based composite is one of them. The main raw material of starch based composite material is starch, which has a wide range of sources and low price. The composite material prepared can be biodegradable, renewable and environmentally friendly. It is a good choice as an alternative to the traditional non degradable material of petrochemical synthesis. In the past research, starch based composite materials have been widely used in food packaging, agriculture, medical industry and light industry. However, due to the characteristics of starch itself, the pyrolysis performance and mechanical properties have some deficiencies, so it is necessary to modify it to improve the physical and chemical properties, so that starch based composite materials can be better used. This paper summarizes the development history and research status of starch based composite materials, makes a comparison, analyzes some problems and challenges that have been encountered and will be faced in the current development of starch based composite materials, and makes a prospect for its future development.
Key words：starch based composite; starch; biodegradation; research status
1.1淀粉的结构与特性
淀粉是一种在自然界中广泛存在的天然高分子碳水化合物，天然淀粉一般的存在形式是由内部有结晶结构的小颗粒构成，其结构是由葡萄糖聚合而成。它的来源简单，能够简单地从大部分天然植物的果实、根茎中提取出来，也很容易降解，使用起来绿色环保，并且价格较低，是作为新型材料来使用的很好的一种原料。
淀粉有直链淀粉和直链淀粉两类。其中从化学成分上看，直链淀粉是一条以D-葡萄糖基以a-(1,4)糖苷键连接的多糖链，分子中有200个左右的葡萄糖基，而支链淀粉的相对分子质量较大，由1000~300000个葡萄糖单位组成，结构为复杂的高支化聚合物。从性质上看直链淀粉具有一定的抗润张性，成膜性和强度较好，水溶性较差，糊化温度较高。而支链淀粉溶胀性能强，稳定性和粘附性比直链淀粉好，易糊化。
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