穿斗式木结构柱轴向承载性能研究
摘 要：本文介绍了穿斗式木结构柱轴向承载性能的研究背景、研究目的及意义，分析了国内外与穿斗式木结构柱轴向承载性能相关研究的概况，详述了主要研究内容及研究过程，提出了研究的特色及创新。穿斗式木结构建筑是中国古建筑中最重要的形式之一，其在建筑形式上以有无瓜柱有无围护结构分为四类，在结构上各具特色和优劣，与抬梁式相比其主要应用在居民房屋建筑中。穿斗式木结构房屋多采用榫卯连接，以直榫为主，直榫按榫卯节点的高度不同又分半榫、直透和榫单向直榫节点，在西南地区的木结构民居中，常见的节点形式是直透榫，即穿枋不改变截面高度直接穿过柱子形成的榫卯节点。穿枋直接穿过柱身，柱的截面被极大的削弱，结构整体稳定性和连续性被破坏，严重影响了木柱的承载性能，同时有无维护结构的穿斗结构在不同地震作用下存在一定的地震破坏性。除此之外，受材料自身缺陷（含水率变化导致翘曲、易燃、蠕变、木节的存在、腐朽老化等）和外界因素（基础不均匀沉降、雨水侵蚀、微生物破坏、人为破坏等）影响，建筑中很容易发生榫洞开裂等现象，导致木柱过早发生破坏，削弱了结构的整体承载性能及结构刚性。为此，本课题将通过对开洞木柱进行材性和轴心受压稳定承载力进行系统研究，研究不同开洞类型试件的破坏模式和极限承载力，研究破坏形式和机理以及不同开洞尺寸和类型对构件承载性能的影响等。
关键词：穿斗式木结构；卯口；榫卯连接；轴心受压；开洞
Study on axial bearing capacity of bucket through timber columns
Abstract: This paper introduces the research background, research purpose and significance of the axial bearing capacity of the bucket through timber structure column, analyzes the general situation of the research on the axial bearing capacity of the bucket through timber structure column at home and abroad, details the main research content and research process, and puts forward the characteristics and innovation of the research. The wooden structure building with bucket is one of the most important forms in ancient Chinese architecture. It can be divided into four types with or without melon column and enclosure structure. It has its own characteristics and advantages and disadvantages in structure. Compared with the beam lifting type, it is mainly used in residential housing construction. The mortise and tenon joints are mostly used in the bucket type wooden structure houses, and the straight mortise and tenon joints are mainly used. According to the height of mortise and tenon joints, the straight mortise and tenon joints can be divided into semi mortise, straight through and one-way straight mortise and tenon joints. In the wooden structure houses in Southwest China, the common joint form is straight through mortise and tenon, that is, the mortise and tenon joints formed by crossing the beam directly through the column without changing the section height. Through the beam directly through the column, the section of the column is greatly weakened, the overall stability and continuity of the structure is damaged, which seriously affects the bearing capacity of the wooden column. At the same time, the bucket structure with or without maintenance structure has certain seismic damage under different earthquake actions. In addition, due to the influence of material defects (warpage, flammability, creep, existence of knots, decay and aging due to the change of moisture content) and external factors (uneven settlement of foundation, rain erosion, microbial damage, man-made damage, etc.), tenon cracking is easy to occur in the building, which leads to premature failure of wooden columns and weakens the overall bearing capacity and bond strength of the structure Structural rigidity. Therefore, this project will systematically study the wood properties and axial compression stability bearing capacity of the timber column with openings, study the failure mode and ultimate bearing capacity of different types of specimens with openings, study the failure form and mechanism, as well as the influence of different sizes and types of openings on the bearing capacity of members.
Key words: bucket type timber structure; beam lifting type; mortise tenon connection; axial compression; opening
1 研究背景
1.1对木结构建筑的认识
在许多国家，现代木结构建筑的应用非常普遍，在北美，木结构建筑处于市场主导地位，在日本，木结构建筑也常常被应用在居民的住宅中[1]。在大地震和大风作用中，绝大多数轻型木结构建筑在保护生命安全方面表现良好，但由于构件过大的变形所引起的非结构构件损坏还是非常常见的现象，会产生高额的维修费用以及停产停业等现象，影响居民的正常生活，木结构建筑应向既保护生命安全又减少建筑构件损坏方向发展。任何建筑都必须在其使用年限内设计得足够安全以承受预期的各种荷载，设计、建造提高抗震性能的建筑结构，不仅是为了满足木结构建筑的使用安全规范，也是为了能让人们居住在更加安全的环境里提供保障。
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