摘 要：
本文针对阻燃木塑复合材料引入阻燃剂导致相容性变差及力学性能下降的问题，提出以纳米甲壳素（负电）为增强相，并依据电荷异性相吸的原理原位聚合阻燃剂聚磷酸铵APP（正电），通过熔融挤出的方法制备绿色新型阻燃木塑复合材料（增强木塑复合材料阻燃性能的同时保留其力学性能）。纳米甲壳素是通过采用低共熔溶剂法（DES，氯化锌和氯化胆碱体系）从废弃蟹壳提取的甲壳素中快速制备，其纳米化程度利用透射电镜来表征。此外，新型木塑复合材料的阻燃性能、力学性能及其相容性能通过氧指数测试仪、锥形量热仪、万能力学试验机、电子扫描显微镜和旋转流变仪等测试手段来体现。因而，绿色新型阻燃木塑复合材料的制备将有效解决木塑复合材料引入阻燃剂后力学性能下降等问题，并且对于木塑复合材料的广泛应用以及进一步的推广具有深远意义。
关键词：木塑复合材料；纳米甲壳素；聚磷酸铵；力学性能；阻燃性能
Study on mechanical and fire retardancy properties of polymerized nanochitin and APP reinforced Wood-plastic Composites
Abstract：
In order to solve the problem that the compatibility and mechanical properties of wood-plastic composites with flame retardants will be decreased due to the addition of flame retardants, a novel green fire retardancy wood plastic composites was produced by melting extrusion with nano chitin (negative charge) as reinforcing phase polymerization fire retardancy ammonium polyphosphate (APP)(positive charge) based on the principle of charge anisotropic absorption(enhance the flame retardant properties of wood-plastic composites while retaining their mechanical properties). Nanochitin was rapidly prepared from abandoned crab shell by Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES, zinc chloride and choline chloride system). The nanocrystalline degree of chitin was characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM). In addition, the flame retardancy, mechanical properties and compatibility of new wood-plastic composites can be demonstrated by means of oxygen index tester, cone calorimeter, universal mechanical tester, electronic scanning microscope and rotary rheometer. Therefore, the production of green flame retardant wood-plastic composites will effectively solve the degradation of mechanical properties of wood-plastic composites after the addition of fire retardants, and has far-reaching significance for the wide application and further promotion of wood-plastic composites.
Keywords：wood-plastic composite; nanochitin; ammonium polyphosphate; fire retardancy;mechanical properties
- 木塑复合材料
1.1木塑复合材料的研究概况
随着社会经济迅速发展，人们对木材的需求量日益增加。同时，资源稀缺危机以及生态环境问题越来越严峻，全世界环保意识逐步增强，许多能满足环保要求的新材料不断涌现。其中具有环境友好、可循环使用等特点的木塑复合材料恰好为塑料及木材的循环利用提供了良好的出路，越来越受到人们的重视[1]。
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