全文总字数：6670字
梨树地面生理采集技术研究现状及发展趋势
摘要：随着树木培育的精细化、机械化、智能化，通过梨树地面生理采集技术可以实时采集样本树木蒸腾信息和光合速率信息、根系分布与吸收能力、土壤养分的丰缺等各种生理信息从而补充适当的原料（水分、有机肥、农药）、选择合适技术改善不足，大大提高梨树的生长速率与果实质、量，减少不必要的资源浪费，避免土壤与地表水富营养化的缺陷。本文主要分析树木地面生理采集技术的基本情况，以及其存在的主要问题，并对其研究现状及发展趋势提出个人观点，提出梨树地面光谱采集技术对梨树种植的积极作用，表达自己对地面生理采集装置设计的一些思路。
关键词：梨树；生理；光谱；气孔开度；叶绿素
Research status and development trend of ground physiological collection technology of pear tree
Abstrct:With the tree breeding fine intelligent mechanization, pear ground by physiological information collection technology can collect real-time sample trees transpiration and photosynthesis rate of absorptive capacity of root system distribution and soil nutrient information of all kinds of physiological information to supplement the proper raw materials (water organic pesticides) improve insufficient, choose appropriate technology greatly enhance the growth rate of pear trees with fruit essence, reduce unnecessary waste of resources, avoid in the study of soil and surface defects This paper mainly analyzes the basic situation of ground physiological collection technology of trees, as well as its main problems, and puts forward personal views on its research status and development trend, and puts forward the positive effect of ground spectral collection technology of pear tree on pear tree planting,and express some ideas about the design of the ground physiological collection device
Key words: pear tree; physiology; spectrum; porosity; chlorophyll
1 引言
梨树（Pyrus）是蔷薇科梨属多年生落叶果树，乔木，在全球都有广泛的分布。中国梨栽培面积和产量仅次于苹果。河北、山东、辽宁三省是中国梨的集中产区，栽培面积约占一半左右，产量占60%，其中河北省年产量约占中国的1/3。梨树果实可食用，具有很高的营养和药用价值。主干在幼树期树皮光滑，树龄增大后树皮变粗，纵裂或剥落。嫩枝无毛或具有茸毛，后脱落；2年生以上枝灰黄色乃至紫褐色。作为我国果树行业重要一环，采用更精细化的梨树培育与管理方法在经济、生态、营养价值等方面有重大的积极意义。地面生理采集技术可以实时准确地检测梨树的生长状况，从而为梨园的精细管理提供依据。
