“红枣模拟果实的振动响应模态研究”
文献综述
摘 要：我国的红枣采收作业主要采用人工采摘方式，劳动强度大、效率低、费用高。红枣采收机械化是红枣产业发展的必然趋势，而红枣采摘装置的工作参数是合理设计新型采摘机械的重要根据，但目前对红枣采摘装置工作参数的研究较少，国内红枣采摘机械及其技术还未成熟，存在采收效果差、对红枣果实和树干损伤较大等问题。因此，红枣采摘装置工作参数的研究十分必要，可为合理设计红枣采摘机械提供技术依据。本文主要介绍了红枣果实采摘过程中果树的振动特性及收获过程果实的模拟状态,以国内外现有的理论、实验为基础，进一步探讨相同或不同红枣在相同或不同的激振条件下的响应特性，然后对果实响应的特征做图解分析，深入了解红枣在不同振动方式、频率下的振动幅度，完善了红枣振动特性理论。不同的红枣采收机有不同的工作效率，其振动方式、频率以及其他激振装置及激振参数所引起的果实振动响应模型也是有差异的。针对各种激振装置及激振参数所引起的果实振动响应模型的不同，研究不同振动模式下果实的动态响应对红枣采收中振动工作参数的选择具有重要意义，对机械化采收红枣具有一定的指导作用和实际意义。
关键词：红枣；激振参数；动态响应
Summary for Research on the relationship between the excitation parameters on the dynamic response of fruit trees
Abstract:The harvesting of red jujube in China mainly adopts manual harvesting,which is characterized by high labor intensity,low efficiency and high cost.Jujube harvesting mechanization is the inevitable trend of the development of jujube industry,and the working parameters of jujube harvesting device is an important basis for the rational design of new harvesting machinery,but at present,there is little research on the working parameters of jujube harvesting device,domestic jujube harvesting machinery and its technology is not mature,there are poor harvesting effect,red jujube fruit and trunk damage is bigger and so on.Therefore,it is necessary to study the working parameters of jujube picking device,which can provide technical basis for the reasonable design of jujube picking machinery.This paper mainly introduces the vibration characteristics of fruit trees in the process of picking jujube fruit and the simulation state of fruit during harvesting.based on the existing theories and experiments at home and abroad,the response characteristics of the same or different jujube under the same or different excitation conditions are further discussed.then,the characteristics of the fruit response are illustrated and analyzed,and the vibration amplitude of the jujube under different vibration modes and frequencies is deeply understood,so that the vibration characteristic theory of the jujube is improved.Different jujube harvesting machines have different working efficiency,the vibration mode,frequency and other vibration devices and vibration parameters caused by the fruit vibration response model is also different.According to the different vibration response models caused by various vibration devices and vibration parameters,it is important to study the dynamic response of fruits under different vibration modes for the selection of vibration working parameters in jujube harvesting,which has certain guiding and practical significance for mechanized jujube harvesting.
Key Words: fruit industry; vibration parameter; dynamic response
0前言
我国的红枣采收作业主要采用人工采摘方式，劳动强度大、效率低、费用高。最近几年红枣矮化密植模式不断的增加，每到采收季劳动力短缺问题也越来越严重，且劳动成本很大，红枣采收机械化是红枣产业发展的必然趋势。因此，实现对矮化密植红枣的机械化采收显得尤为重要。国外林果采收机械很多，但都是针对其他果树，对红枣采收机的研究很少。然而，国内研究大多针对单株枣树，采用树干抱摇式或小型手持式居多。对于一些多株或大面积聚集一起的枣树则没有好的解决办法。不同的红枣采收机有不同的工作效率，不同的激振装置及激振参数所引起的果实振动响应模型也是有差异的。针对各种激振装置及激振参数所引起的果实振动响应模型的不同，研究不同振动模式下果实的动态响应对红枣采收中振动工作参数的选择具有重要意义。真实果实在振动试验中往往短时间内实现果柄分离，不利于观察得出特定激振参数下所对应的红枣动态响应，利用模拟真实果实的模型进行试验，可以得出特定激振参数下所对应的果实动态响应的一般性规律。
