超疏水材料的工艺研究
摘要：
受自然界荷叶表面所产生的“荷叶效应”、水黾在水面能够轻松行走甚至跳跃、壁虎脚掌的超疏水和自清洁功能等一系列超疏水现象的启发，人类将目光聚焦到研究超疏水材料上，但超疏水材料存在耐久性和稳定性的问题，一定程度上影响了超疏水材料的实际应用，期望研究出具有环保、自清洁性、柔软性、透气性和耐久性的超疏水材料，并把它们运用到医疗、包装、运输、油水分离等领域，减少制备成本，最终实现大规模生产。[1]超疏水材料指材料表面与水的静态接触角大于150°，而滚动角小于10°。其制备工艺有多种方法，如溶胶-凝胶法、静电纺丝、层层组装、等离子体、沉积法、水热法等。[2]目前仍在研究找出一个最佳的制备方法，即制备工艺简单，材料易得、周期短等优点，最终得到性能好的超疏水材料。
关键词：超疏水材料；制备方法；性能
Study on the Technology of Super Hydrophobic Materials
Abstract：Inspired by a series of superhydrophobic phenomena such as the 'leaf effect' produced by the lotus leaf surface in nature, the leech being able to easily walk or even jump on the water surface, the superhydrophobic and self-cleaning functions of gecko feet, humans have focused their attention on the research of superhydrophobic Materials, but the problems of durability and stability of superhydrophobic materials have affected the practical application of superhydrophobic materials to a certain extent. It is expected to develop superhydrophobic materials with environmental protection, self-cleaning, softness, breathability and durability. , And apply them to the fields of medical treatment, packaging, transportation, oil-water separation, etc., reduce the preparation cost, and finally realize large-scale production. A superhydrophobic material means that the static contact angle between the surface of the material and water is greater than 150 °, and the rolling angle is less than 10 °. There are several methods for its preparation, such as sol-gel method, electrostatic spinning, layer-by-layer assembly, plasma, deposition method, hydrothermal method, etc. At present, research is still underway to find an optimal preparation method, that is, the preparation process is simple, the materials are readily available, and the cycle is short. The super-hydrophobic material with good performance is finally obtained.
Key words：superhydrophobic material; preparation method; performance
1 引言
超疏水在涂料、木材、织物上面的研究具有广阔前景，目前都取得了一些成果。对涂料而言，传统涂料存在表面易污染、难清洁、易被水侵蚀的问题, 涂料表面的自清洁功能成为了研究的热点，针对这个问题，涂料领域提出超疏水的概念。[3]在木材方面，对木材进行超疏水处理，在其表面构建超疏水膜层，通过纳米制备的化学方法进行改性，可以在基本不损害木材原有优点的前提下使木材由亲水性转变为超疏水性，一步解决因木材亲水特性导致的尺寸变形、材质下降、应用受限等技术难题，拓宽其应用领域，显著地提高产品附加值。对织物来说，超疏水材料独特的性质不仅可以应用于传统的材料表面起到防水防腐蚀的作用，也可被应用于服装面料，通过改变纺织品可以获得具有防水自洁功能的服装；船壳中使用的超疏水材料可以提高船舶的速度；超疏水材料应用于流体运输，则可降低在流体运输中因为摩擦带来的能耗；通过改性，超疏水材料也可具有亲脂性，同时具有超疏水性，亲脂疏水材料可广泛用于水和油分离领域。它在含油废水和海上溢油事故的处理中发挥着重要作用[4]。
以上是毕业论文文献综述，课题毕业论文、任务书、外文翻译、程序设计、图纸设计等资料可联系客服协助查找。
