摘 要：现阶段，我国的城市绿地面积正在逐渐增加。城市绿地作为人类生产生活的重要部分，有着重要的经济效益和广泛的功能应用。而随之而来的草坪养护方面的薄弱渐渐的暴露出来，大量的草坪被踩踏严重导致生长不良甚至退化，这急需草坪打孔通气机来解决养护问题。国外对草坪打孔通风机的研发设计很早，起点和水平都较高，整机普遍具有质量轻、功率大且操作方便等优点，现已有成熟的系列化产品。相比于国外产品，我国草坪打通气机产品的工作可靠性不甚理想，且操作不便，在使用过程中整机的工作效率还有待提高。因此，草坪打孔通气机的研究与发展对我国城市绿地的养护和发展具有重大的推动作用。
关键词：草坪通风机；高效性；草坪养护 。
Summary for Design of Lawn aerator
Wang Kang
Abstract：At present, the area of urban green space in our country is increasing gradually. Urban green space, as an important part of human production and life, has important economic benefits and extensive functional applications. However, the weakness of lawn maintenance is gradually exposed, and a large number of lawns are trampled seriously resulting in poor growth and even degradation, which urgently needs the lawn aerator to solve the maintenance problems. The R amp; D and design of lawn aerator in foreign countries is very early, the starting point and level are both high. The whole machine has the advantages of light weight, large power and convenient operation. Now there are mature series products. Compared with foreign products, the working reliability of lawn aerator in our country is not ideal, and it is inconvenient to operate. The working efficiency of the whole machine still needs to be improved in the process of use. Therefore, the research and development of lawn aerator plays an important role in promoting the maintenance and development of urban green space in China.
Key Words：Lawn aerator; high efficiency; Lawn maintenance.
- 研究的目的及意义
作为城市绿地的重要组成部分,草坪与人类生产、生活有着广泛、密切的联系。近几年来草坪业及其相关产业发展迅速,使草坪普遍受到了人们的赞扬和欢迎[1]。草坪的应用是多方面的,一般分为:城乡景观绿化、场地功能性应用( 体育场、高尔夫球场) 两类。在两类草坪中,由于后者踩踏强度大, 出现了生长层的土壤容重不断增大,透气性越来越差, 草坪生长柔弱纤细、叶色发黄、弹性降低的情况[2]。
要想彻底改善当前草坪业面临的问题与瓶颈,就要从改善草坪土壤的物理性状入手。除积极浇灌之外,对草坪土壤实施打孔,是切实可行且非常有效的措施之一[1]。对草坪打孔可以疏松土壤，促进土壤有机物分解，增加根系对养分的吸收，促进枯草层的分解，从而有效改善草坪土壤环境[3]。应用打孔机对草坪进行打孔通气养护作业后，气体在草株根系附近的交换速度变快，使草株根部能快速直接吸收空气、水分、肥料。同时还可以切断部分根茎和盘根交错的侧根，能刺激新的根系生长，促进草株复壮，延长其绿色观赏期和使用寿命[4]。生长多年的草坪打孔以后地上部分生长浓绿、抗逆性强,提高了观赏性。当查看根系状况时,我们会发现:打孔以后,根系生长显得非常发达,对水分、养分的吸收能力也有了显著提高[2]。刀具为空心圆管的打孔机，打孔时可以将洞中的旧土壤带出，实现在不破坏草坪的情况下更新草坪土壤[5]。
我国草坪绿地面积正以每年增加40%的速度增长，应运而生的草坪养护机械潜伏着极大的商机，这将成为一新兴的产业[6]。为了使草坪机械的设计更趋于成熟，将其置于“人—机—环境”这个综合系统中充分考虑，可以有效提高草坪机械的品质和市场竞争力，使用户在操作时更加方便和舒适[7]。
