On Effectiveness of Phonics in Vocabulary Building for Primary School English Classroom文献综述

 2022-08-29 11:08

Literature Review

In this part, two main teaching methods will be mentioned.

2.1 Methods of Teaching Vocabulary in Primary School

As we all know, Rome was not built in one day. This also makes sense in learning a language. Words are just like the foundation in a language, and without a good understanding of words, it is difficult to learn a language well. Nowadays, there are two main methods in teaching vocabulary.

2.1.1 The International Phonetic Alphabet

The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is a system of phonetic notation invented by some linguists to accurately represent a wide variety of sounds used in spoken languages. The purpose is to use a set of symbols to represent sounds of unfamiliar words accurately. It is very important for Chinese students to learn. Most English learners use IPA method when they come cross new words. It helps English learners to read the words correctly. However, this kind of method also has disadvantages. First of all, IPA method is so abstract to the children in primary school. Second, learners may need to rely on IPA system for a long time before they can use it well. Third, learners are actually decoding IPA symbols rather than decoding words. Therefore, IPA system seems to make the English letters and sounds more complex and cut off the sound-letter relation.

2.1.2 The Phonics Method

Phonics is the teaching of the association of sounds with letter identification. There is an extreme amount of emphasis on word-decoding skills, which can help students to sound out those unfamiliar words for them. Indeed, phonics is a teaching method that becomes a word-recognition strategy only through heavy emphasis phonics. Youngsters use phonetic principles to pronounce words according to the sounds of each part of words. Phonics method systematically teaches children to decode words of a language. Children are taught to recognize words using sounds.

Phonics refers to instruction in the sound-letter relationships used in reading and writing. Based on the understanding of letters, phonics involves English basic knowledge and specific combination of letters. That is to say, there is a relation between spoken sounds and letters or combinations of letters that represent these sounds. The phonics approach is a systematic approach to teaching reading that involves the breaking down of words into smaller parts. This process is called decoding. It focuses on letter and sound relationships and teaches children to sound out unfamiliar words. Children are also taught to use phonics in encoding words, which can help them study to spell what they hear. Teaching of phonics has the tendency to produce better word recognition, vocabulary furthermore, spelling and comprehension for most children. This approach has also been called bottom-up approach because teachers believe that by focusing on the smaller parts and equipping children with the ability to figure out new word, meaning and comprehension will follow. The strong supporters on this side of the debate want phonics taught in an intensive and systematic manner.

2.1.3 Summary

All in all, the mentioned methods of teaching vocabulary have their own disadvantages and advantages. During the long period of research, it seems that the phonics method can be better applied in primary school English.

2.2 Comparative Studies of Phonics Method at Home and Abroad

2.2.1 The Studies of Phonics Method at Home

Chinese researchers have cared much on the teaching reformation. Lan Huafang thought that Phonics satisfy the psychological needs of children and mobilize the bodyrsquo;s intrinsic motivation to learn based on the cognitive characteristics of children and the psychological needs in the learning process. Phonics meet the childrensrsquo; internal cognitive mechanisms, create a relaxed psychology and cognitive environment dynamic play of cognitive for children in which the main subject of study can be fully reflected (Lan Huafang, 2005). Luo Rihong had the teaching research on the new teaching model of phonics method to improve the studentsrsquo; reading comprehension (Luo Rihong, 2010). Wan Qingting had the teaching research on the disadvantages and advantages of using the phonics method for the lower-grade primary school students.

English vocabulary in the foreign language sector has always been concerned and popular. The earliest study of the problem began from Gui Shichun in the 1980s. Second language vocabulary acquisition, especially second language vocabulary teaching and research had new trends with the rapid development of three decades of cognitive linguistics. Many scholars of cognitive linguistics used some of the sub-theory into vocabulary teaching studies. However, the integrity and localization theory needs to be strengthened. Vocabulary Acquisition in China is still borrowing different foreign theories as support to verify these theories and supplements from the process of the acquisition of second language learners in China, it has a long term way to build the localization characteristics of second language acquisition theory (Zhang Ping, 2006:24).

2.2.2 The Studies of Phonics Method Abroad

Many researchers have made their efforts to help English learners memorize English words quickly and effectively. Due to the Reform Movement in the UK, those linguistics emphasized the importance of pronunciation and started to design the International the Phonetic Alphabet in the 1880s. After that, various kinds of language all over the world can be compared. Phonics method, a new model for second language teaching, which is produced in the US, has been popular since the 1990s. The expert of phonics teaching Blevins thought that the natural law contains the relationship between sound and form for the letters, this method also teaches students the most common relationship between sound and form in English language, so that it can make students to read or spell words. The ability of explaining the word is a critical factor to reading successfully. In 1997, the studies of the National Study Group on phonics reading method indicate that the systematic phonics teaching method can help students to improve their ability of reading far much better than the non-systematic or non-phonics teaching method; multiple forms and systematic phonics teaching method can help different students to improve the skills of decoding, reading, spelling and reading English words and the ability of understanding of English texts.

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