基于无人机倾斜摄影测量技术的采石场复垦监测
摘要:矿石资源是城市社会发展和国民经济建设的重要物质基础,矿区和采石场则是人们获取矿石资源的重要场所。而近年来随着社会经济的不断发展,不规范且无度的开采导致采石场收到了严重的生态破坏,进而还有可能引发滑坡、水土流失、自然景观破坏等一系列生态环境问题。而无人机倾斜摄影测量作为一项高新技术,拥有高精度、高效率、操作简便和作业成本低等多种优势,非常适合用来对地形复杂的采石场进行数据采集。为响应市政府下发的有关生态修复的相关文件,本文以南京市栖霞区龙潭采石场为研究区域,拟在研究基于倾斜摄影模型的采石场复垦区测图流程与方法,研究成果将有助于困难地区大比例尺地形图的测绘、土石方量测算工作及复垦区的监测。
关键词:无人机;倾斜摄影;采石场复垦;土石方测算
Monitoring of Quarry Reclamation Based on UAV Oblique Photogrammetry
Abstract: Ore resources are the important material basis of urban social development and national economic construction, and mining areas and quarries are important places for people to obtain ore resources. In recent years, with the continuous development of social economy, non-standard and excessive mining has caused serious ecological damage to the quarry, which may also lead to a series of ecological and environmental problems, such as landslide, soil erosion, natural landscape damage and so on. As a high and new technology, UAV oblique photogrammetry has many advantages, such as high precision, high efficiency, simple operation and low operation cost, which is very suitable for data acquisition of complex terrain quarry. In response to the relevant documents of ecological restoration issued by municipal government, this paper takes Longtan quarry in Qixia District of Nanjing City as the research area, and studies the mapping process and method of quarry reclamation area based on tilt photography model. The research results will contribute to the mapping of large-scale topographic map, earthwork measurement and monitoring of reclamation area in difficult areas.
Key words: UAV; oblique photogrammetry; quarry reclamation; earthworks calculation
1 引言
矿石资源作为城市社会发展和国民经济建设的重要物质基础,近年来一直被广泛开采。根据自然资源部公布的数据,截至2017年底,我国矿山开发总占地面积为362万hm2,其中废弃矿山为230万hm2,新建或正在开发中的矿山132万hm2。大范围的矿产开采,在带来经济效益的同时,也使得矿区遭到严重破坏,并继而引起了滑坡、植被破坏、土地裸露、水土流失、生态环境恶化、自然景观破坏等一系列严重的生态环境问题。到2017年底,我国各级财政用于矿区生态修复的支出累计超过1000亿元,累计修复矿区土地面积为92万hm2,矿区修复率为28.75%[1]。虽然矿区环境治理取得一定成效,但大部分地区的矿区还未得到合理修复,生态环境依旧处于严重破坏状态。
为深入贯彻习近平总书记在深入推动长江经济带发展座谈会上的重要讲话精神,把修复长江生态环境摆在压倒性位置,江苏省自然资源厅和江苏省财政厅下发了《关于组织申报长江沿线国土空间生态修复工程项目的通知》(苏自然资函[2019]529 号)。南京市人民政府高度重视区域内长江沿线国土空间生态修复工作,根据要求编制完成《南京市长江沿线国土空间生态修复工程实施方案》。其中,土地复垦对于生态环境修复具有重要意义。而矿区复垦作为一个长期、复杂的工程,一般需要在前期对复垦区进行深入调查,获取有关的地形信息并进行整体规划,因此进行有关的测绘工作是十分必要的[2]。
