“具有振动采收集果功能的树干激振装置的设计”摘要
我国是世界上最大的林果种植国，但是林果采摘还是依靠人工，因此我国迫切需要林果采摘的机械化与自动化。本文归纳综述了国内外林果采收机械的研究现状，国外相关机械主要以大型化机械为主，制造、使用成本高，不适用于我国果园的种植模式。现有振动采收激振装置主要为树冠梳刷振动和树干夹持振动两种。本文针对乔木类林果的机械采收，对比现有夹持振动采收机械设备适用性和通用性得出：采用以液压系统为动力源，配有倒伞型集果装置的曲柄摇杆树干激振装置适合中国果园的机械采收。为果园机械化采收提供一个新的可行方案。
关键词：振动采收机 激振装置 集果装置。
Abstract
China is the world#39;s largest fruit-growing country, but the fruit picking still relies on labor. Therefore, China urgently needs the mechanization and automation of fruit-harvesting. This paper summarizes the research status of forest harvesting machinery at home and abroad. The foreign related machinery is mainly based on large-scale machinery, and the cost of manufacturing and use is high. It is not suitable for the planting mode of orchard in China. The existing vibration harvesting excitation device is mainly composed of a tree crown brushing vibration and a trunk clamping vibration. In this paper, the mechanical harvesting of arbor forest fruit is compared with the applicability and versatility of the existing clamping vibration harvesting machinery: the crank rocker trunk with the hydraulic system as the power source and the inverted umbrella type fruit collecting device The excitation device is suitable for mechanical harvesting in Chinese orchards. Provide a new feasible solution for mechanized harvesting of orchards.
Keywords: vibration harvester, excitation device, fruit collection device.
1.前言
我国是世界最主要林果生产国之一，林果总种植面积和产量均是世界第一，并且我国林果产量仍在不断攀升，水果产业已成为种植业中位列粮食、蔬菜之后的第三大产业[1],截止 2010年底，水果总产量已超过1.2亿吨，总产值5158亿元[2]，林果产业的迅猛发展提升了果园机械的市场需求。同时，从全世界范围内看，林果种植及产量也呈增长趋势。传统的人工收获方法劳动成本高，采摘效率低，采摘用工占果园生产总工的50%左右[3]。因此，自动化的果园采收机械一直是国内外研究工作的重点。
成熟果实如不能及时采收，果实品质将会受到直接的影响，并造成严重的经济损失。目前国内主要采用人工采摘的方式来收获果实。人工采摘的缺点很明显，主要是果农劳动强度大，劳动成本高，采摘效率低，采摘质量差[4]。因此，随着国家加大对林果产业的科技投入和政策扶持、市场需求的发展、科技的进步，落后的人工采收收集的方式已经无法满足当前生产力的要求，开发研制出高精度、低强度、高效率的自动化林果采摘机械设备已成为林果产业发展的一个必然趋势[5]。
