电影符号学视阈下解读《绿皮书》An Interpretation of the Film Green Book from the Perspective of Film Semiotics文献综述

 2023-05-06 09:05

文献综述

1. Introduction1.1 Research backgroundThe film 'Green Book' is directed by Peter Farrelly and based on true events. The film won three awards at the 91st Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Original Screenplay and Best Supporting Actor. The 'Green Book' was named after 'The Negro Motorist Green-Book'. Published as a guide to travel services for African Americans, the book lists the hotels, restaurants, gas stations and other public places that African Americans were allowed to enter in the South. It also has the guidelines on their conflicts with the whites. The Green Book was expanded several times to ensure that African-Americans could travel safely to the South with the serious problem of racial discrimination. Set in the early 1960s, the film tells the story of a famous African-American musician, Dr. Donald Shirley, who hires a white Italian driver, Tony Lip, to tour the American South. Even though he lives as well as the white and joins the upper class, Dr. Shirley is still worried about his African-American identity. Hence, he hires a white driver and bodyguard to accompany him to the South. Tony is a jobless man forced to make ends meet, and after learning that he works for Shirley. He is very resistant to serving African-Americans. But later in the trip, Shirley performed smoothly with the help of Tony, Tony improved his values under Shirleys influence, and they eventually established an interracial friendship. And the refinement of their world view, view of life and values during their journey is what makes this movie unique.The film takes place in New York City, USA, in 1962. The background information about racial discrimination in the United States goes back to the history of the United States, especially during the colonial period, when the American South imported a large number of black slaves from Africa and established a plantation economy based on slavery. In the South, the great majority of blacks were considered the property of the slave owners, and they lived miserably without personal freedom. This situation continued until the founding of the United States. In the 1860s, with the defeat of the South in the American Civil War, slavery was abolished, but the discrimination against blacks in the South was still deeply rooted, and it is in this historical context that the film is set up. Based on a large amount of data and other scholars researches, this paper is from the perspective of film semiotics and uses the ways of documentary researches and textual analysis to interpret the films symbolic system, so as to reveal the relationship between the films symbolic elements and the role they play in structuring the film. Then it points out the profound meaning of the films theme, and reveals the development of the films plot through the symbols in the film Green Book, namely, the process in which the black pianist and the white driver with misplaced identities get acquainted with each other, grow together, dissolve the barriers and establish interracial friendship during their journey against the background of racial discrimination in the South. Hence, the directors beautiful expectation of racial equality is revealed.1.2 Need of the studyThe need to analyze the film Green Book under the guidance of film semiotics theory is explored as follows: This paper firstly explores the complex relationship between blacks and whites, further argues the research value of the different identity constructions of blacks and whites, and analyses the dialogue between blacks and whites through real cases in the film. This provides a convincing research example for theory of film semiotics. Secondly, the study is of some practical importance. Based on the symbolic information of the film, this paper analyzes the different and even misplaced status, habits, language, behavior and character of black and white people expressed by different symbols in the film to find out the essential reasons for the friendship across races and classes formed during the tour. At the same time, it also reflects the seriousness of the problem of racial discrimination in the American South at that time, and the heroes, Dr. Shirley and Tony, through their continuous struggle and fight for equality, make people change their original wrong, narrow and restricted racial concepts during the process. This sense of conflict between 'black' and 'white' eventually melts into one during the collision, eliminates the racial barriers, and also well reflects the theme of the film.1.3 Research purposesThis paper will illustrate the role of symbols in the film Green Book and how the film expresses racial issues through a series of audiovisual symbols, based on the principles of film semiotics from both visual and auditory symbols, and then explore the progress and growth of personality in the context of racial discrimination.2. Literature reviewIn the past two years, some scholars have studied the film Green Book from different perspectives, and most of them have described the film from the perspectives of subtitle translation, writing style, culture, music etc. These essays, including scholars Liao Xueru and Zhao Yans (2020), Gao Yangs (2020) and Zhang Luweis (2021). From the perspective of translation and communication science, Liao Xueru and Zhao Yan mainly sort out the mistakes in the subtitle translation strategy of Green Book, and propose feasible strategies for the English to Chinese translation of subtitles in terms of communication subject, communication audience and communication effect. Zhang Luwei selects 46 images and 18 sound clips from Green Book that are related to the image of the protagonists and the theme of the film, and uses visual grammar and auditory grammar as the theoretical basis, together with the inter-modal relationship framework proposed by Delu Zhang, and makes four audio analysis diagrams based on auditory grammar to analyze the two protagonists of the film Tony and Dr. Shirley and the theme of racial discrimination and the fight against racial discrimination. The films two main characters, Tony and Dr. Shirley, and the theme of racial discrimination and the struggle against it are analyzed. The aim is to investigate how the pictorial and auditory modalities shape the characters of the two protagonists and reveal the themes of the film. By analyzing the historical background of the film Green Book, the archetypal characters and the music composition, Gao Yang considers the use of piano music and its role in the film, concludes that piano music in the film Green Book has the role of strengthening the narrative rhythm of the film and deepening the main idea of the film, and proposes three inspirations for film music composition and art creation, which are to pay attention to the authenticity of music, to express the meaning and to use the musical connotation.Then, studies on film semiotics rarely deal with the film Green Book and the topic of racial discrimination, but mainly with literary and cultural aspects. For example，Zhou Shutao (2020) composes the development of film semiotics, analyzes in detail the linear narratives and alternative narratives in The Shawshank Redemption, and interprets the cultural symbols with a view to providing references for current Chinese films. Baselga V. (2016) uses a semiotic study of the film To Potami with a view to shedding light on the study of the common historical context of Greece and Spain, as well as on the emerging field of cultural studies in Southern Europe. And Rdei (2006) examines the rhetoric and culture in Greta Garbo in Ninotchka from a film semiotics perspective.This paper intends to follow the structure of film semiotics and reinterpret the film Green Book from two perspectives: visual and auditory, in order to uncover the deeper relationship between black and white people, to deeply understand the American race issues from different perspectives, and thus to achieve a profound rethinking on human nature.ReferencesBurke, M. (2019). Colorblind racism. Medford: Polity Press．Gambarato, R. (2006). Objects of desire--methodology for film analysis in the sense of peircean semiotics and intermedial studies. Kodikas, 29: 157-176.Gladstone, Y. (1999). Black film as a signifying practice: cinema, narration and the African American aesthetic tradition. Trenton, NJ: Africa Research and Publications.Hughey, Magical Negro films. Social problems, 543577.Hughey, White backlash in the post-racial United States. Ethnic and racial studies.Hughey, ments de smiologie），李幼蒸译。

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