An Analysis of Humanity from the Perspective of the Theory of Equality of Things–A Case Study of The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas 齐物论视角下的人性分析—以《离开奥米勒斯的人》为例文献综述

 2021-12-28 08:12

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文献综述

1.Introduction1.1Research backgroundUrsula K. Le Guin (1929-2018), an American writer, is known as The Queen of Science Fiction. Earthsea Cycle, The Left Hand of Darkness and The Dispossessed: An Ambiguous Utopia are her most famous works, which dramatically affect the literary field. She won many awards, including the National Book Award, the Kafka Award, and the Pushcart Prize.The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas, which is a fiction, including the conflict of humanity, written by Ursula K. Le Guin, has been extensively studied by the majority of researchers for a long time. In The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas, Omelas is a city filled with laughter and dances. However, this fiction tells us a cruel truth of the city that the happinessof Omelas isat the expense of the captivity of an innocent child. That is to say, when all the citizens in Omelas enjoy themselves to celebrate the coming festival, the poor child is imprisoned lonely in a filthy basement with endless despair. Everyone in Omelas know the truth. Most people in Omelas accept the truth impassively, whereas some people choose to leave thecity and never go back in the end. Threrfore, obviously, the theme of The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas is a discussion, even a criticism, of the humanity.Ursula K. Le Guins father, Alfred Louis Kroeber, is a well-known anthropologist, so her father influences her greatly in the area of Oriental Taoism. Ursula K. Le Guin starts to learn Oriental Taoism in early time. During her writing career, Ursula K. Le Guin translates The Tao Te Ching (The Book ofTaoand Teh)with other people, and deeply influences by Taoism. Naturally, in her works, Taoism has deeply impacted the themes. For example, Taoists propagate nature, doing nothing and Yin and Yang. The themes of The Left Hand of Darkness and The Dispossessed: An Ambiguous Utopia refer to nature and culture. There is no doubt that, among her works, in the book named The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas, The Theory of Equality of Things, one of ideas in Taoism, can be explored clearly. So, it is of great importance to do some researches on the humanity in The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas from the perspective of The Theory of Equality of Things.1.2 Need of the study This paper has both practical significance and theoretical importance. For one hand, The Theory of Equality of Things is capable of putting in practice in daily life. The detached view from The Theory of Equality of Things, has the ability to improve social culture and social environment. Moreover, what is The Theory of Equality of Things in reality? How does the humanity change in the affect of The Theory of Equality of Things? Will The Theory of Equality of Things benefit the society?For the other hand, the paper will marginally make up the lack of the researches of Taoism in work of Ursula K. Le Guin. Additionally, to The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas, this is also a deep analysis from the view point of The Theory of Equality of Things. What is more, the paper will give the reason why the people in Omelas divided into two kind of humanity from the view of observing things as itself, which is almost the core of The Theory of Equality of Things.1.2Research purposesThis paper aims to analyse the humanity from the view point of The Theory of Equality of Things in The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas. What is more, the paper also tend to explain that what can The Theory of Equality of Things be in reality and how the humanity will change in the affect of The Theory of Equality of Things. In addition, the study devotes to better understanding of The Theory of Equality of Things to humans and proving the truth of that The Theory of Equality of Things is able to improve the ethos of society. The most important point is to make humans aware of the core of The Theory of Equality of Things--observing things as itself, which will benefit human beings to know more about humanity.2.Literature review2.1Definitions of The Theory of Equality of ThingsThe proposer of The Theory of Equality of Things, Zhuangzi, emphasizes that everything is equal, and there is not different between right and wrong, beauty and ugliness, good and evil, nobleness and lowliness. What we should do is to observing things as itself. What is more, Wang(2020) believes that breaking down boundaries between objects and objects, between self and objects and then returning to the whole is the deeper implication of The Theory of Equality of Things. However, Shen(2017) insists the highest stage is to be detached and unfettered, and to live freely. Al in all, The Theory of Equality of Things represents equality, observing things as itself and stay aloof from the mortal life.2.2Development of The Theory of Equality of ThingsThe Theory of Equality of Things in Taoism has a long history. Lao Tzu, the founder of Taoism says that for I am abstracted from the world, the world from the nature, nature from the way, and the way from what is beneath abstraction. Besides, he praises the harmony between man and nature highly. In OntheEqualityofThings, one of the most famous work of Zhuangzi, there is a story of ZhuangZhou's Dreaming of Becoming a Butterfly. In Wangs (2020) view, The Theory of Equality of Things recognizes the personalities and equality of objects at first. Then it turns to break down boundaries between objects and objects, between self and objects and then returning to the whole. Finally, The Theory of Equality of Things acknowledges the quality of right and wrong and emphasizes the criteria change from time to time. In conclusion, the development of The Theory of Equality of Things in Taoism is a process to explore the belief that observes things as itself.2.3Domestic studies of The Ones Who Walk Away From OmelasBi(2014) contents that in Omelas, all the citizens enjoy themselves everyday but ignore the suffering of the child, and they imposetheirownwillonthe child. But some people are not willing to continue living in here, because they think that the poor child is equal to them. That is to say, they hold the belief, which means observing things as itself, to treat the child. This absolute is The Theory of Equality of Things. From this perspective, the ones who do not live away from Omelas are one kind of humanity; the ones who walk away from Omelas is the other kind of humanity. Li(2012) deems that Ursula Le Guin describes the central image of the work, the "scapegoat", and the attitude of the majority of citizens towards its misfortunes. This researcher use the tangle of belief and desire to express the main theme of The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas. Chen(2013) thinks that Ursula Le Guin isinfluenced by Lao Tzes Taoism and ideas from anthropology, so she can frequently analyze the conflict between individual morality and society construction. Then the researcher regards The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas as an ancient controversial topic about the contradiction between utilitarianism and public morality. All in all, the former researchers do plenty of studies on The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas, and some of them refer to Taoism. However, they do not do the studies further. For example, they do not use The Theory of Equality of Things to do more studies The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas.2.4Foreign studies of The Ones Who Walk Away From OmelasSarah(2012) considers that ethical confusion arises both within the fictional world of the story and in reconciling that textual space with the real-world counterparts that the author evokes in her introduction. By the way, this researcher thinks that Ursula Le Guin's attempt transpires within a fictional world including distinctly flawed people and resulting in an ultimately anti-utopian message from the ethical point of view. Additionally, Hirsch(2016) thinks as such the fictional city can be viewed as a Utilitarian dream world since the childs sacrifice maximizes the balance of pleasure over pain,which is considered by everyone. What is more, this researcher refers to the question that who will be the subject of the redemption and that when redemption will entail self-abandonment. Besides, Michael(2019) explores the opportunities afforded by Ursula Le Guins allegory The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas for thinking about the role of youth work in modern cities and societies that are deemed to be successful but at the same time fail some young people. He believes that the ones who walk away from Omelas youth workers can stay and fight adversity and injustice.In addition, (2014) considers that Ursula K. Le Guincreates the Omelas to embody an ideal utopia in the real world. Moreover, insists The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas points out that how cruel the collective consciousness can be and shows how utilitarianism the greatest good for the greatest numbers of people, is poison for the helpless. To conclude, The former researchers analyse the various meanings or the humanity of The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas from multifarious points of view, however, there are few of them to do deeper researches on humanity from The Theory of Equality of Things. Table of ContentsAcknowledgementAbstract中文摘要1.Introduction1.1Research Background1.2Need of Study1.3Research Purposes2.Literature Review2.1Definitions of The Theory of Equality of Things2.2Development of The Theory of Equality of Things2.3Domestic studies of The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas2.4Foreign studies of The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas3.Different Humanity in The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas3.1People Who Who Walk Away From Omelas3.2People Who Are Unwilling to Leave Omelas3.3The Narrator And The One Who Make The Term4.Changes of Different Humanity in The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas4.1People Who Who Walk Away From Omelas4.2People Who Are Unwilling to Leave Omelas5.Influences of The Theory of Equality of Things on Different Humanity in The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas5.1People Who Who Walk Away From Omelas5.2People Who Are Unwilling to Leave Omelas5.3The Narrator And The One Who Make The Term6.ConclusionReferencesReferencesChen wei (2013). The destruction of Utopia--a moral study of the ones walk away from Omelas. Shen zhou, 35, 172-174.Hirsch A. (2016). Walking off the edge of the world: Sacrifice, chance, and dazzling dissolution in the book of job and Ursula K. Le Guins the ones who walk away from Omelas. Humanities, 5, 67-78.Ljiljana G. (2016). The guide from Omelas: Action anthropology with miracle icing.Etnoantropoloki problemi, 3, 14-30.Michael E. (2019). Using allegory to think about youth work in rich countries that fail some young people.Journal of youth studies, 22, 29-45.Sarah W. (2012). Reading through fictions in Ursula Le Guin's the ones who walk away from Omelas.ANQ: A quarterly journal of short articles, notes and reviews, 25, 7-13.Ursula L. G. (1991). The ones who walk away from Omelas (variations on a theme by William James).Utopian studies, 2, 114-119. (2014). 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