《红楼梦》女性悲剧的文化原因管窥A Cultural Interpretation of Female Tragedies in A Dream of Read Mansions文献综述

 2021-10-23 08:10

毕业论文课题相关文献综述

Tragedy of Women and Dominate Culture in A Dream of Red Mansions《红楼梦》主流文化之于女性悲剧1. Introduction1.1 Purpose of ResearchSince the issue of A Dream of Red Mansions, it has attracted much attention from scholars and theres a special science called Study on A Dream of Red Mansions. Nowadays many people hold the view that research on this novel comes to an end, and theres no more subject to explore after so much work have been done by experts. However, as Study on A Dream of Red Mansions has gone through more than a hundred year, there still remains many unsolved mysteries and broad space for thinking. Based on anterior study and research, this thesis focuses on the relation between women tragedy and dominate culture.A Dream of Red Mansions is a tragedy through and through. Its tragedy has three meanings: social tragedy; life tragedy and love tragedy. Life tragedy concentrates on tragedies of those poor young ladies, which is a significant theme of this novel. Based on anterior study, most researcher attribute women tragedy to two aspects: social factor and characteristic factor. Contract to abundant study on characteristic factor, proper concern should be given to social factor. Therefore, based on former analysis and research, this thesis decides to discuss the relation between dominate culture and tragedy of women. 1.2 Organization of the researchThis thesis will be divided into four parts. The first chapter served as the general introduction, in which research purpose, organization of the research and literature review are stated. Chapter two will introduces ancient Chinese dominate culture, including its major types, features and influence. In chapter three, how dominate culture leads to women tragedy will bediscussed. Last, conclusion will be generated in chapter four.2.Literature Review Known as the writer of A Dream of Red Mansions, Cao Xueqing was born of a noble and scholarly clan. During his adolescence, he led a life of great extravagance, but as the decline of his family, he suffered from dire poverty in the last decades of his life. The stark contrast between his early aristocratic life and downcast midlife year made him learnt the desolation of life and ruthlessness and fickleness of the world deeply. He witnessed an inevitable descending trend of aristocratic families, which generated in him a sentimental feeling of disillusionment and emptiness. Pages full pf fantastic talk, penned with bitter tears; all men call the author mad, none his message hears. Cao infused his tragic experience, poetic feeling, exploring spirit and creative thoughts into A Dream of Red Mansions. A Dream of Red Mansions, also called The Story of the Stone, is regarded as one of the four classic novels of Chinese literature. Depicting the rising and falling of four clans, namely, Jia, Shi, Wang, Xue, this novel, with its exquisiteness and perfectness, reaches the pinnacle of Chinese classic fiction and, with its profound life tragedy, stirs up mysterious melancholy in the heart of readers of every generation. Presently, Study on A Dream of Red Mansions focuses on three fields, namely, research on its meaning and expression, on its author and on its versions.As to tragedy of A Dream of Red Mansions, Yuan Xinpei (2005) divided into three aspects: love tragedy, family tragedy and life tragedy. Life tragedy is represented by those poor young women, from aristocratic ladies to servant girls, which is a significant theme of this novel. Based on anterior study, most researcher attribute women tragedy to two aspects: social factor and characteristic factor. Contract to abundant study on characteristic factor, proper concern should be given to social factor. When analyzing social factors, researchers are more likely to focus on feudal systems, which is not comprehensive and profound. Behind feudal systems is strict, backward dominate culture of ancient China. Therefore, study on the relation between women tragedy and dominate culture will give us further understanding of this novel. As a classic fiction full of compassion feelings, this novel presents the charm of tragedy in all aspects and has permanent tragic value. Its greatness is that it breaks the traditional mode of Chinese ancient fiction which focuses on male characters, describes lots of female charactersand their joys and sorrows, parting and unions, shows the living conditions of females in feudal society and reveals the tortures and oppression imposed on them by feudal systems. (Zhang,2019) Cao showed great concern and sympathy to young ladies who were under feudal oppression. None in Chinese ancient literature history was able to stand alongside Cao in understanding womens beauty, talents and ability and their suffering and pains as well. The reason why A Dream of Red Mansions is a tragedy lies in that its an elegy of polemic lives. To destroy the most polemic life to people is the severest tragedy of sentimentalism. (Liu, 2006) Li (2014) pointed out that being true to reality and standing ahead of his time, Cao, as a keen artist and sophisticated philosopher, explored human beings, especially the existing of females, showed concern to female value, revealed the contradiction between all fine qualities female has and real world and the process of friction and conflicts. Meanwhile, with sober realistic spirit and profound tragic felling, Cao revealed that no matter what characters and experience they had and how preeminent their qualities were, those outstanding females could not avoid the tragic destiny of thousand red flowers in one cavern and ten thousand beauties in one cup.Cao eulogized those outstanding young ladies with poetries and other quintessence in traditional culture. However, they were all murdered by backward and descending feudal society. This novel is a great lament for female tragedies. Their love and marriage, life paths, characters and destinies show how secular society destroys beautiful feelings and all these are attributed to feudal rules and culture. Actually, all tragic females are all engulfed by the beast of feudal social culture. Evidently, in this novel, its not a tragedy of one woman in one aspect, but a universal tragedy of all women in that society. It manifests in different forms, such as tragedies of feudal marriage, of feudal moral rules, of feudal servant system.Tang (2003) thought Cao, with a pen saturated with blood and tears, created many verdicts and twelve songs called A Dream of Red Mansions, symbolically described and implied the contrast between the talents and charms of Twelve Hairpins of Jinling and other ladies and their tragic fates. Among those ill-fated ladies in this novel, Twelve Hairpins of Jinling are typical representatives of women tragedy in feudal culture. Xu (2015) mentioned that emperors are representatives of patriarchy. In a society of polygamy, seventy-two concubines in three palacesand six courtyards still could not meet the lust of Chinese emperors, thereby leading Jia Yuanchun ended up her short life in that forbidden place. Doubtlessly, it indicates that millions of women like Yuanchun died distressingly under the repression of imperial power. Therefore, feudal imperial power system is not only the highest form of Chinese ancient patriarchalism, but also the most clich, most backward, most cruel system. The combination of patriarchy and family power gives rise to clan right, father right and husband right. Three principles and five virtues and the seven partings (ancient Chinese divorce system) grant males absolute right in family, but deprive females of every right. Therefore, gender oppression, discrimination and slavery were common in ancient Chinese family. Obedient as she is, Yingchun is humiliated and murdered by her husband. Exceptional as she is, Wang Xifeng could not avoid a sad end of being abandoned by her husband. Through this novel, Cao revealed the operation system of ancient Chinese society which was supported by feudal system and culture. Tragedies of ancient Chinese females are ascribed to the combined persecution of matrimony system, education system, judicial system and hereditary system. (Xu, 2015) Domestic and foreign scholars are used to study A Dream of Red Mansions in aesthetical, literary, philosophical aspects. While this thesis, based on Caos profound thinking in many social defects, tries to unmask the grave sins of feudal dominate culture in abusing and persecuting females, which will give us further understanding of this novel.

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