铅蓄废水处理与中水回用研究进展
摘 要：铅蓄电池产业在如今得到了飞速发展，带来了废水处理回用的问题。本文主要介绍了铅蓄电池废水处理现状，包括国内外的处理现状，我国铅蓄电池废水的主要来源及其特点，并由此来探究废水的综合处理和未来的发展趋势，及目前在实际中遇到的问题和困难。本文同时也介绍了铅蓄废水现有中水回用处理现状。
关键词：铅蓄电池废水 综合处理 中水回用
Abstract：The lead-acid battery industry has developed rapidly today, which caused the problem of the treatment and the reuse of lead-contained wastewater. The current status of lead battery waste water treatment, including domestic and foreign treatment status, the main sources and characteristics of lead battery wastewater in China, were extensively introduced. The comprehensive treatment of wastewater, the development trends in the future, and the potential problems and difficulties during scale-up practice were also explored. In addition, the status of reuse of lead-contained wastewater was reviewed.
Keyword：lead-acid battery wastewater; comprehensive treatment; water reuse
0 引 言
近年来中国经济得到了快速持续的发展，中国的汽车工业、通信、电力、铁路交通、信息产业、广播电视业等基础产业发展迅猛，处于一个高速成长期，对铅蓄电池的需求日益增长，大大促进了铅蓄电池行业在中国的发展[1]。
“十一五”规划以来，国家将主要污染物排放总量显著减少作为经济社会发展的约束性指标，集中整治环境问题[2]。铅蓄电池制造所产生的的废水处理也成为了一个亟待解决的问题。
铅蓄电池生产产生的废水中含有大量的铅和铅化物，都是对人体有害的元素，如果超标排放，会使鱼类和水生物中毒致死。人体吸入超量的铅，会引发骨骼的内源性中毒现象。当血铅浓度超标时，会导致头疼、疲乏、记忆衰退、失眠、食欲不振等现象。铅中毒不仅会损害人体大脑的神经系统影响人体造血功能，还会对肾脏、骨骼等造成不良影响[3]。
