超纯水制备技术研究进展
摘 要：在过去几十年中，电子、电力、制药、食品、化工、轻工、航空航天和冶金等行业对超纯水的需求量日趋增大，对超纯水的水质要求也越来越高。超纯水的制备现已占据在世界水市场上与海水淡化几乎处于同等地位。所以如果在分析过程中带入过量的有害物质，就会影响结果的分析精度。因此提高水质和制取高纯度的水，已成为当今发展超微量分析的一项十分重要的基础技术。能否制取出合乎要求的超纯水以及能否检测出其中超微量杂质，已成为提高分析质量的关键。由于要求的污染物含量极低，因此典型的超纯水生产该系统结合了5到10种纯化技术，包括离子交换法、一次蒸馏冷凝法、电渗析法、超滤 反渗透 混床、超滤 反渗透 EDI等。本文简单的介绍了超纯水及其制备的技术。
关键词：超纯水；制备技术；交换离子树脂系统；反渗透系统
Research on Ultrapure Water Preparation Technology
ABSTRACT
In the past few decades, the demand for ultrapure water in the electronics, electric power, pharmaceutical, food, chemical, light industry, aerospace, and metallurgy industries has increased, and the water quality requirements for ultrapure water have become higher and higher. The preparation of ultrapure water now occupies almost the same status as desalination in the world water market. Therefore, if excessive harmful substances are brought in during the analysis, the accuracy of the analysis of the results will be affected. Therefore, improving water quality and producing high-purity water has become a very important basic technology for the development of ultra-microanalysis today. The ability to prepare and remove the ultra-pure water that meets the requirements and to detect the ultra-micro impurities in it has become the key to improving the quality of analysis. Due to the extremely low level of pollutants required, this system combines 5 to 10 purification technologies for typical ultrapure water production, including ion exchange, one-time distillation condensation, electrodialysis, ultrafiltration reverse osmosis mixed bed, Ultrafiltration reverse osmosis EDI. This article briefly introduces ultrapure water and its preparation technology.
Key words：Ultrapure water；preparation technology；exchange ion resin system；reverse osmosis system
前言
超纯水（UPW）是人工净化的水，水中除了氢原子和氧原子以外，其他的污染物含量极低。UPW占有一定比例高附加值行业采用的全球水市场例如半导体和制药业以及电力工程运行的锅炉/冷却水。超纯水是自来水或井水通过一系列纯化技术制备而成。制备过程中每一个步骤都极为重要，有针对性的去除不同类型的杂质，甚至是极为罕见的杂质。
超纯水制备流程一般分为预处理、脱盐、后处理三个阶段,其中脱盐工艺是超纯水制备的核心阶段,脱盐工艺的先进与否对最终的产品水质有着重大影响。
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