文献综述
摘要
1909年美国人巴克兰（Baekeland）用苯酚和甲醛制造出了人类历史上第一种完全人工合成的塑料——酚醛树脂，又称贝克兰塑料。经过了百年的发展，塑料由于其质轻、强度大、化学稳定性好等优良性能成为了生活和生产中必不可少的物品。然而，随着全球人口的不断增长，合成食品包装的需求也在不断增长，不可降解的塑料包装对全球生态环境提出了严峻的考验。在统计的全球垃圾种类前十排行中，塑料制品占据了其中的九个[1]。
淀粉(ST)作为地球上一种含量丰富的多糖类物质，是制备可降解塑料的重要原料，具有来源广泛、价格低廉及可食可生物降解等优点[2]，然而，天然淀粉的加工性能较差，无法进行熔融挤出等热塑性加工，难以作为单独的高分子材料使用[3]，因此，通常要对淀粉进行加工改性，才能使其性能符合使用要求。其中，聚乳酸长纤维增强是一种常用的改性方法
关键词：淀粉塑料；聚乳酸；改性
Literatures Review
Abstract
In 1909, American Baekeland made the first completely synthetic plastic in human history with phenol and formaldehyde- phenolic resin. Also known as Baekeland plastic. After a hundred years of development, plastic has become an indispensable item in life and production due to its light weight, high strength, good chemical stability and other excellent properties. However, with the continuous growth of the global population, the demand for synthetic food packaging is also growing. The Non degradable plastic packaging poses a severe challenge to the global ecological environment. Plastic products make up nine of the top ten garbage categories in the world.
Starch (st), as an abundant polysaccharide on the earth, is an important raw material for the preparation of degradable plastics. It has many advantages, such as wide source, low price, edible and biodegradable. However, the processing performance of natural starch is poor, so it canrsquo;t be used as a single polymer material for thermoplastic processing such as melt extrusion. Therefore, it is usually necessary to process and modify starch to make its performance meet the use requirements.
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