全文总字数：18474字
具有缓释肥料及吸附重金属离子功能材料的制备及性能研究
摘要
木质素主要含碳、氢、氧3种元素，其含量分别约为60％、6％和30％，此外氮元素约0.67％。木质素结构单元之间以醚键和碳碳键连接，连接部位可发生在结构单元3个碳 原子之间，或发生在苯环侧链之间，或发生在苯环酚羟基之间，氧化和还原反应、接枝共聚反应、取代反应如：硝化、硫化、磺化、卤化、酰化、烷基化、酚化、异氯化等反应。利用木质素优良的吸附性及缓释性能，高比表面积，可以作为肥料的缓释载体和包膜材料。不但能够拓宽了木质素的使用途径提高木质素的利用率，而且改性木质素含有大量的活性官能团能够与重金属离子发生螯合作用从而吸附土壤中重金属离子。木质素是自然界中唯一具有苯环结构的天然高分子，还没有被大规模的应用于工业生产，而且每年90%以上的工业木质素没有得到有效地回收利用。通过木质素对肥料的包膜处理，有效的扩大了肥料的利用率，重金属离子污染物能通过各种途径进入环境，造成农田土壤重金属污染日益严重不但能够拓宽了木质素的使用途径提高木质素的利用率，而且改性木质素含有大量的活性官能团能够与重金属离子发生螯合作用从而吸附土壤中重金属离子。
关键词：木质素；缓释肥料；重金属离子吸附
Preparation and properties of functional materials with slow release fertilizers and adsorption of heavy metal ions
ABSTRACT
Lignin mainly contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, and its content is about 60%, 6% and 30%, respectively. In addition, nitrogen is about 0.67%. Lignin structure unit connection with ether and carbon carbon keys, connection parts can occur between the structural unit three carbon atoms, or between the side chains of benzene ring, or take place between the benzene ring of phenol hydroxyl, oxidation and reduction reaction, graft copolymerization reaction and substitution reaction such as sulfonated, halogenation, nitration, sulfide, acylation and alkylation, phenol, chlorinated reaction, etc. Lignin can be used as carrier and coating material for fertilizer with its excellent adsorption and slow release properties and high specific surface area. In addition, modified lignin contains a large number of active functional groups that can chelate with heavy metal ions to adsorb heavy metal ions in the soil. Lignin is the only natural polymer with benzene ring structure in nature. It has not been used in industrial production on a large scale, and more than 90% of industrial lignin is not effectively recycled every year. By lignin fertilizer coated processing, effectively expand the fertilizer utilization ratio, heavy metal ion contaminants can enter into the environment through various channels, farmland soil heavy metal pollution is increasingly serious, can not only broaden the use of lignin way improve the utilization rate of lignin and modified lignin and contains a lot of reactive functional groups can chelation with heavy metal ions adsorption of heavy metal ions in the soil.
Keywords: lignin ; Slow release fertilizer;Heavy metal ion adsorption目 录
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