A Comparative Analysis of Human Translation and Machine Translation from the Principle of “Faithfulness, Expressiveness and Elegance”从“信达雅”原则对比分析人工翻译和机器翻译文献综述

 2021-10-22 09:10

毕业论文课题相关文献综述

1. Introduction1.1 Background of the research Earlier before, some scholars (Hutchins, W. J., faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance proposed by Yan Fu is universally acknowledged as the optimal translation standard (Wang Zhenping, 2000). The three criteria indicate that the translation should convey what the source text exactly wants to say, meanwhile be syntactically and semantically correct and, most importantly maintain the style of the original. Therefore, in order to compare the differences between human translation and machine translation, it is rational to adopt the principle of faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance. 1.2 Purposes of the researchThe research is aimed at achieving three main goals. The first purpose is to find out the differences between human translation and machine translation from the perspective of faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance. Secondly, the research will provide evidence that the two types of translation closely relate with each other and complement each others advantages. Students, especially English majors, will therefore gain a deeper understanding of the translation skills and techniques they have learned in class and combine them with the application of up-to-date translation tools when practicing. At last, from the long term, the results of this research will enable translators to make a rational choice at work and give some inspirations to the development of machine translation in the future. 1.3 Organization of the research This thesis contains five parts in total. Chapter one gives a brief introduction of research background, research purposes and the organization of the research. Chapter two overviews relevant theory and previous studies to figure out what has been achieved and what has not been achieved. In chapter three, the methodology is presented, including materials, subjects, the design and execution of the research. Chapter four reports the findings based on the data collected and discusses the findings in detail. The final part summarizes the major findings, the theoretical and practical implications, reflects on the limitations and gives suggestions for the future research. 2. Literature ReviewIn this information era, the traditional human translation cannot satisfy the increasing need of exchanging large quantities of information within the minimum time, which prompts the development of machine translation. The discussion as to which one does better has never stopped. Many researchers who are curious about how machine translation differs from human translation and how well they behave in practice dig into this field. The premise of translation evaluation is that a translation criterion should be set to measure the quality of the translation. The principle of faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance is known as the widely accepted translation standard in China. A great number of studies are aimed at comparing machine translation with human translation from different angles; however,few were done from this principle. Even if some researchers made a comparison according to this criterion, the conclusion is often drawn through theoretical analysis. 2.1 Machine translation and human translationMachine translation, or automatic translation, refers to the process of converting one human language to another automatically by machines (Arnold, D. et al., 1994). The idea of applying computers to translation came out in 1946. The development of machine translation actually corresponds to the call of different times (Hutchins, W. J., Sinhal, R. A., Hu, Sun, 2016; Liu, 2019). Arnold, D. et al. drew a conclusion that machine translation systems have difficulty in solving the problem of ambiguity, lexical and structural mismatches and idioms and collocations. The research conducted by Sun Jin (2016) showed that machine translation demonstrates higher applicability to informative text than expressive and operative text. 2.2 Translation evaluation and the principle of faithfulness, expressiveness and eleganceThere are three main approaches to machine translation evaluation, operational evaluation, declarative evaluation and typological evaluation (Arnold, D., the second approach makes an evaluation based on certain standard (e.g. Liao, 2013; Tian, 2018); and the typological evaluation works from the aspect of linguistics (e.g. Sun, 2016). In Liao Menglin (2013)s experiment, the translation is evaluated from the AST (Adequacy Scale Task) standard while Tian Jiangbo (2018) analyzed the machine translation from the principle of faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance. The declarative evaluation is characterized by low cost, easy operation and derivable results (Arnold, D., Lee, H., 1993). Moreover, Yan Fus faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance is widely recognized in China. Tians research is done through theoretical analysis. This paper will integrate the declarative evaluation based on the principle of faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance with quantitative experiment which has not yet been done in this area. References Arnold, D. (2003). Why translation is difficult for computers. In H. Somers (Ed.), Computers and translation: A translators guide (pp. 119-142). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Arnold, D., 以四类文本翻译为例，《湖北师范学院学报（哲学社会科学版）》，33（3）：145-148。

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长沙：湖南师范大学。

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